The2023BRICSSummit,settotakeplaceinJohannesburg,SouthAfrica,fromAug22to24,isexpectedtomarkamajorstepforwardinthegroup’sdevelopmentandglobalimpact.Theblocwasestablishedin2010byfourcountries—Brazil,Russia,India,andChina—whichwereimportanteconomicandpoliticalpowersinregionalintegrationgroups.SouthAfricawasaddedin2011.TheestablishmentofBRICS,alongsideseveralotherimportantnewinternationalinstitutions,inthenewmillenniumcameamidthereluctanceofWesternpowerstoincreasetheroleofemergingpowersinthearchitectureofglobalgover-nance,includingtheBrettonWoodsinstitutionsandtheWorldTradeOrganization;theneedtocompen-sateforthelackofmomentumandtheunjustconditionalitiesofex...