WORKINGPAPERISSUE04/202213APRIL2022MARTABISZTRAYANDNICLASFREDERICPOITIERS•Theorganisationofglobalvaluechainsviasupplierlinksandwithinbusinessgroupsshapesglobaltradeandformsamajorchannelthroughwhichknowledgeisdisseminatedbetweencountries.Globalvaluechainsarealsoanimportantchannelthroughwhicheconomicshockspropagate.•Atthesametime,knowledgeseekingandknowledgeprotectionareimportantdeterminantsformultinationalcompanieswhenstructuringtheirproductionprocesses.Contractenforcementingeneral,andintellectualpropertyrightsprotectioninparticular,arekeyinstitutionsinthisregard.•Hierarchicalownershipstructureswithinbusinessgroupstendtobeorganisedintheshapeofaninverted...
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